sixpenceee:

You probably have heard of mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell) and of chloroplasts (gives the leaves green pigment, used in photosynthesis). But did you also know that according to the endosymbiosis hypothesis, the mitochondria & chloroplast were once free-living cells. They were “swallowed” into other larger cells and became a subcomponent. Evidence for this includes the fact that both these structures have their own DNA and can self-replicate. 

historical-nonfiction:

Surgeon Al-Zahrawi (936–1013 CE) from Cordoba in the Muslim kingdom of al-Andalus, was one of the most famous physicians of the middle ages. He invented many medical instruments, and wrote the first surgical textbook which included illustrations like the one above. It was not just a textbook, however. The Kitab al-Tasrif is a 30-chapter treatise on multiple areas of medicine, including surgery, dentistry, and childbirth.